The ISKCON Deity Worship Journal
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The ISKCON Deity Worship Journal |
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Essay
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This essay is taken from the book "The Art of teaching" by Burijana d€sa. It is written for gurukula teachers, but is equally applicable to all devotees. |
Teachers wishing success in their service must cultivate the mode of goodness. But wait a minute! Am I hearing protests from hard-pressed devotees sincerely striving to serve their Lord with a passion? Are they not crying out from the distance that there’s no need for goodness? Are they not emphatically stating that devotees are transcendental to the three modes of material nature? ®r…la Prabhup€da once addressed this very question after a Sunday feast lecture at 26 Second Avenue. Prabhup€da had finished speaking, and I raised my hand and spoke my first words to my spiritual master. They were not submissive. "Sv€m…ji, in your lecture, you said that devotees were in the mode of goodness. But I thought that devotees were transcendental to the mode of goodness. " Although I had no concept or care for either goodness or transcending goodness, I was foolishly seeking a contradiction. Prabhup€da gently replied, "Yes, devotees are transcendental to the mode of goodness, but generally, they act in the mode of goodness. " To understand the ramifications of this statement, we must first consider the position of all conditioned souls within the material world. According to the purport of Bh€gavad-g…t€ 18.60: "If one refuses to act under the direction of the Supreme Lord, then he is compelled to act by the modes in which he is situated. Everyone is under the spell of a particular combination of the modes of nature." Contrarily, a pure devotee, one who is continuously engaged in the Lord’s service does not fall under the control of the three modes of material nature.
One who engages in full devotional service, unfailing in all circumstances, at once transcends the modes of material nature. (Bg. 14.26)
Most devotees, however, are neither completely controlled by the modes of material nature, nor are they completely transcendental, serving the Lord in all circumstances. These devotees are considered transcendental by the mercy of the spiritual master who offers their mixed service through the disciplic succession to KŠa. But because a devotee is transcendentally situated due to his sincerely serving his spiritual master does not mean that simply because he has performed an act, it is transcendental. That an immature VaiŠava transcendentalist is sometimes adversely infected by the control of the modes of material nature was confirmed by ®r…la Prabhup€da in a 1976 conversation in Vindavana, "VaiŠava is not so easy or why are they falling down?"
In the purport to Bh€gavad-g…t€ 2.45, Prabhup€da states: "As long as the material body exists, there are actions and reactions in the material modes. One has to learn tolerance. This transcendental position is achieved in full KŠa consciousness when one is fully dependent on the good will of KŠa. " As tiny spirit souls, we are eternally prakti, and are always controlled either by KŠa or by m€y€´s agents, the three modes of material nature. "KŠa — s™rya sama; m€y€ haya andhak€ra" — Godhead is light. Nescience is darkness. Where there is Godhead there is no nescience." As the current near the banks of a river is stronger then the current at the river’s middle, m€y€, through the modes of material nature, acts stronger on those souls who are seeking to escape from the midst of the rushing river of material life. Therefore, it is in those dark periods of non-surrender, when we are controlled by the modes of material nature, that our position is precarious.
O son of Bh€rata, the mode of goodness conditions one to happiness; passion conditions one to fruitive action; and ignorance, covering one´s knowledge, binds one to madness. (Bg. 14.9)
Thus, due to the strong dictations of the modes, an impure soul acquiesces to the demands of goodness, passion, and ignorance, and neglects his own true desire of loving devotional service to KŠa. Although all three modes are binding, the modes of passion and ignorance bind tighter. They fill us with intense desires, foolishness, and improper discriminations. The Bh€gavad-g…t€ confirms this when describing the understanding caused by each of the modes of nature:
O son of Pth€, that understanding by which one knows what ought to be done and what ought not to be done, what is to be feared and what is not to be feared, what is binding and what is liberating, is in the mode of goodness.
O son of Pth€, that understanding which cannot distinguish between religion and irreligion, between action that should be done and action that should not be done, is in the mode of passion.
That understanding which considers irreligion to be religion and religion to be irreligion, under the spell of illusion and darkness, and strives always in the wrong direction, O P€rtha, is in the mode of ignorance. (Bg. 18.30-32)
Although, we, as devotees, are certainly performing devotional service, we tend to stir into the brew of our devotional service the pinches of passion and dashes of ignorance left over from our conditioning. History has even shown that the entire transcendental process coming down through the previous €c€ryas can be neglected for the dictates of the modes of nature. We should therefore guard against this happening to us by seriously taking to the process of KŠa consciousness while simultaneously guarding against passion and ignorance. If we examine the following qualities of passion and ignorance mentioned in the Bh€gavad-g…t€, it is easy to see why they should be avoided:
Passion: great attachment, fruitive activity, intense endeavor, uncontrolled desire and Hankering, never satisfied with one’s position, family attachment, greed, desire for honor, performance of sacrifices to gain respect and honor, and speculative tendencies.
Ignorance: whimsy, purposelessness, inactivity, madness, foolishness, misery, distress, intoxication, illusion, excessive sleep, degradation, laziness, renunciation of activities meant for spiritual welfare, and the seeking of happiness without considering its effects on one’s self-realization.
Discerning passionate and ignorant qualities from true devotion is as important for a devotee as it is for a gardener to discern the flowering creeper from the weed. Lack of discrimination may find a devotee nurturing only luxuriant weeds of karma and jñ€na rather than the true creeper of devotional service.
By strictly practicing the rules and regulations of s€dhana-bhakti, all the good qualities of a devotee will automatically develop. But if we allow the weeds of m€y€ to grow along with our devotional service, the proper growth of the bhakti-lat€ will not take place. Therefore the weed-like tendencies caused by the conditionings of passion and ignorance should be uprooted, and one should strictly adhere to the process of KŠa consciousness while acting in the mode of goodness:
PURPORT: One should be serious about his human life and take to the mode of goodness and in good association transcend the modes and become situated in KŠa consciousness. That is the aim of human life. (Bg. 14.15)
Having examined the qualities born of passion and ignorance, it is easy to see how these modes, if embedded within our devotional service, are a disturbance. KŠa always directs His pure devotee, but because that pure devotee is not disturbed by the intense desires of passion or the foolish dullness of ignorance, he can neglect the modes and surrender to KŠa’s promptings. As long as the interplay of passion and ignorance interferes with our devotional service, our surrender will be incomplete. Therefore, as Prabhup€da said at 26 Second Avenue, devotees "generally act in the mode of goodness." The purport to ®r…mad-Bh€gavatam 1.2.19 confirms the necessity of the mode of goodness being the general consciousness of the devotee:
The effect of devotional service becomes manifest by complete elimination of these effects of passion and ignorance.
But it is not that contaminations by passion and ignorance disqualify us from rendering devotional service; rather, the expert spiritual master deals with them in such a way that we become elevated to goodness. ®r…mad-Bh€gavatam 1.2.24 states:
Of the modes, goodness is the best because by the mode of goodness one can come to realize the Absolute Truth.
PURPORT: As explained above, one can get release from the conditioned life of material existence by devotional service to the Personality of Godhead. It is further comprehended herein, that one has to rise to the platform of the mode of goodness (sattva) so that one can be eligible for the devotional service of the Lord. But if there are no impediments on the progressive path, anyone, even from the platform of tamas, can gradually rise to the sattva platform by the expert direction of the spiritual master.
Thus by serving KŠa through the spiritual master, the disciple’s consciousness gradually becomes elevated from ignorance, to passion, to goodness.
We should not become bewildered and think, "There’s no necessity for me to
act in goodness; I’m transcendental. " Instead, we should recognize goodness as
the desirable "general" consciousness in which to serve. We should cultivate the
mode of goodness by strictly following the principles of s€dhana-bhakti,
regularly reading Prabhup€da´s books (Švat€ˆ kath€ƒ kŠaƒ, puŠya-ravaŠa
k…rtanaƒ), and weeding out remnants of unwanted passionate and ignorant desires.
We should also keep in mind that ®r…la Prabhup€da, rather than denigrating goodness
as "just a material quality, " often equated goodness directly with KŠa consciousness:
The intelligent renouncer, situated in the mode of goodness, neither hateful
of inauspicious work nor attached to auspicious work, has no doubts about work.(Bg.
18.10)
Of course, to cultivate the mode of goodness for its own sake is dangerous:
one may become conditioned or limited by it. Therefore one must always keep in
mind that his business is simply to serve KŠa. Becoming "good, " a br€hmaŠa,
or anything other than a pure servant to KŠa is simply m€y€. The ®r…mad Bh€gavatam
clearly states this point.
You cannot please the Supreme Personality of Godhead by becoming perfect br€hmaŠas,
demigods, or great saints or by becoming perfectly good in etiquette or by vast
learning. The Lord is pleased only if one has unflinching, unalloyed devotion
to Him. (Bh€g. 7.7.51-52)
The Bh€gavad-g…t€ also states the danger of cultivating the mode of
goodness for its own sake by describing how one can become conditioned by the
happiness that goodness offers. One can become full of pride, thinking he is better
than everyone else; or one can become complacent, satisfied simply by being an
intellectual. Despite these dangers, teachers must accept KŠa’s instructions
on the impossibility of transcending from the heavily contaminated position of
passion and ignorance. Thus goodness, while being rejected as an end in itself,
should be embraced by devotees as a jumping-off point for pure devotional service.
In conclusion, to show how the mode of goodness can aid our KŠa conscious
teaching, here is a compilation of some of the qualities listed in the Bh€gavad-g…t€
as born of goodness. It is easy to see how these qualities are essential for devotees
aspiring to become good teachers. Practically speaking, these qualities are essential
for any devotee wishing to render pure devotional service.
The performance of the following three austerities, when practiced—
One in goodness is brahminical. He is— One in goodness gives charity—
One in goodness has unbreakable determination which—
One in goodness discriminates between what should and should not be done.
One in goodness performs his duty—
One in goodness is attracted to foods that—
One in goodness feels happiness—
One in goodness is freed from illusion.
One in goodness has knowledge concerning the spirit soul beyond this
body.
One in goodness is not—
One in goodness has no doubts about work.
One in goodness renounces—
One in goodness understands things in the correct perspective.
Qualities of Goodness
is called austerity in goodness.
a. worship of the Supreme Lord
b. worship of the br€hmaŠas
c. worship of the spiritual master
d. worship of the parents
e. cleanliness
f. simplicity
g. non-violence
h. celibacy
a. speaking words that are truthful
b. speaking words that are pleasing
c. speaking words that are beneficial
d. speaking words that are not agitating to others
e. regularly reciting Vedic literature
a. satisfaction
b. simplicity
c. gravity
d. self-control
e. purification of one’s existence
One in goodness sacrifices—
© International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Bhaktivedanta Book Trust
1998
Founder-šch€rya His Divine Grace A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhup€da